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Distributed Energy Resources
www.DistributedEnergyResources.com

Distributed Energy Resources

What are "Distributed Energy Resources"?

Distributed Energy Resources (DER) are small, modular, energy generation and energy storage systems and technologies that provide electric capacity or thermal energy (i.e. hot water, chilled water, steam) where and when a commercial or industrial client requires.

Typically, Distributed Energy Resources generate less than 10 MW (megawatts).  

Distributed Energy Resources are highly flexible and adaptable, and can therefore, be sized to meet any customer's specific power and energy requirements, at the customers facility or business.

As they are flexible and adaptable for nearly any customer's specific requirements, DER systems can be installed to operate with the local electric grid, or be designed and installed "grid-free" without connecting to the electric grid in island or stand-alone mode.

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About us:

We provide engineering and renewable energy project development services including including;

More about Distributed Energy Resources

Distributed Energy Resources' technologies include those that end America's dependence on foreign oil, and therefore include;

• Advanced Metering System  

• Advanced Meters

• Anaerobic Digesters 

• Automated Demand Response  

• Automatic Meter Reading 

• Battery Energy Storage

• B100 Biodiesel

• Biomass Gasification

• Biomethane

• Bulk Energy Storage

• Clean Power Generation

• Cogeneration

• Decentralized Energy 

• Demand Side Management

• Dispersed Generation  

• Distributed PV

• E100 Ethanol

• EcoGeneration

• Geothermal Power Plants

• High Voltage Direct Current 

• Hydrogen Fuel Cells 

• Microturbines

• Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells

• Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells

• Plasma Gasification

• Plug In Electric Vehicles  

• Rooftop PV

• Solar Cogeneration

• Solar PV

• Solar Thermal Collectors

• Solar Trigeneration

• Synthesis Gas

• Trigeneration

• Waste Heat Recovery

• Waste to Energy

• Waste to Fuel

• Wind Power Generation

Energy Investment Banking
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www.EnergyInvestmentBanking.com

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You Can't Have a Unified Smart Grid Without: 

Advanced Metering System  *  Advanced Meters  *  Automated Demand Response  *  Automatic Meter Reading 

Battery Energy Storage  *  Building Automation Systems  *  Carbon Free Energy  *  Clean Power Generation  *  Cogeneration 

Compressed Air Energy Storage  *  Decentralized Energy  *  Demand Side Management  *  Dispersed Generation 

Distributed Energy Resources  *  Distributed Generation  *  Distributed PV  *  EcoGeneration  *  High Voltage Direct Current 

Load Leveling  *  Locational Marginal Pricing  *  Meter Data Management  *  Micro-Grid  *  Net Zero Energy 

Net Zero Energy Buildings  *  Nodal Pricing  *  Onsite Power Generation  *  Pollution Free Power  *  Plug In Electric Vehicles 

Renewable Energy Parks * Rooftop PV * Solar Cogeneration * Solar Power Parks * Virtual Power Plants * Waste Heat Recovery

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How are Distributed Energy Resources systems and technologies used?

Distributed Energy Resources systems can be used in several ways including managing/reducing energy expenses and ensuring reliable power by augmenting your current energy services. 

Distributed Energy Resources systems also enable a facility to operate independently of the electric power grid, whether by choice or out of necessity. 

Distributed Energy Resources improve a customer's "carbon footprint" by significantly reducing their greenhouse gas emissions and increasing overall energy efficiency.

Utilities can use Distributed Energy Resources technologies to delay, reduce, or even eliminate the need to obtain additional power generation, transmission, and distribution equipment and infrastructure.  At the same time, DER systems can provide voltage support and enhance local reliability.

Distributed Energy Resources are an ideal "demand side management" solution.


How do I know if Distributed Energy Resources systems and technologies are the right choice for my facility?

In today's economy and increasing pressure for businesses to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, there are several economic and environmental factors making Distributed Energy Resources a serious option and alternative.  These include the high prices of electricity from the electric grid/electric utility company as well as high natural gas costs from the natural gas utilities.  Uncertainties regarding foreign oil, "peak oil" and the ever-increasing potential for disruptions in electricity service and oil from foreign oil countries are causing managers and CEO's of businesses to consider alternatives to traditional energy providers and for new ways to supplement or augment their present energy situation and present suppliers.

This is particularly crucial where a facility’s energy-producing and electric grid infrastructure are aging. The performance, cost, and availability of DER technologies have all been improving steadily over the past several years.  New Distributed Energy Resources systems and technologies are significantly more efficient than even ten years ago.  Replacing or upgrading your present energy problems with Distributed Energy Resources may pay for itself sooner than expected. 

Energy security as well as price of energy has never been a greater concern to businesses and their managers/CEO's and CFO's.  Distributed Energy Resources systems can provide the requisite power and energy needed for mission-critical loads, reduce hazardous or costly power outages, and diversify the local energy supply.

What is Distributed Cogeneration?

Distributed Cogeneration, also referred to as Distributed CHP, is the siting or installation of cogeneration or trigeneration plants at the customer's location where the power and energy generated, is used.

Cogeneration, also known as combined heat and power or CHP, "captures" the heat from the engine or turbine, that would otherwise be wasted, with a "waste heat recovery" system that is a part of the cogeneration plant.  The captured waste heat is then used by the customer in the form of steam, hot water - or in the case of "trigeneration" - air-conditioning or chilled water as well.  This provides a significant reduction in the use of fuel such as natural gas or other fuel - that would otherwise have been used to provide the same amount of thermal energy. This also reduces the facility's "carbon footprint" by greatly reducing the overall amount of greenhouse gas emissions.

An onsite "Distributed Cogeneration" system is one of the best, if not the best, "demand side management" solutions that benefits not only the customer that installs the cogeneration plant, but also the utility company and all of its customers as well.

Trigeneration takes cogeneration one additional step by integrating "heat-driven" chillers (absorption chillers or adsorption
chillers) which further increases that facility's efficiencies and providing an even greater demand side management solution. 

Cogeneration or trigeneration provides the following benefits;

• highest overall efficiency any dispatchable power generation resource

• lowest net greenhouse gas emissions of any dispatchable power generation resource

• reduces a customer's energy expenses

• provides a net cost savings and return on investment in as little as 3 years

• diversifies and reduces the electric utility's and electric grid's portfolio price risk 

• enhances customer and local reliability 

• reduces transmission and distribution system losses

• facilitates the customer's environmental goals 

• improves the environment through reduced levels of pollutants

What is the Cogeneration Development company?

The cogeneration development company will develop, own and operate new cogeneration and trigeneration power plants.

What is the Cogeneration Fund?

The Cogeneration Fund will provide cogeneration capital, finance or investments for the Cogeneration Capital company, and  related cogeneration development company, that will develop, own and operate new cogeneration and trigeneration power plants.

What is the Cogeneration Capital company?

Cogeneration Capital is a new company being formed to provide the capital, investment, project finance or a "Cogeneration Fund" required by our related cogeneration development company, that will develop, own and operate new cogeneration and trigeneration power plants. 

Cogeneration and trigeneration plants - at up to 80% to 90% efficiency - are nearly 300% more efficient than typical "central power plants" and therefore provide significant economic and ecological savings.

What is Cogeneration?

Cogeneration now produces almost 20% of our nation’s electricity while saving customers that have onsite cogeneration plants,  40% to 50% on their energy expenses.  Cogeneration provides even greater savings to our environment.

Cogeneration, also known as “combined heat and power” (CHP), cogen, district energy, total energy, and combined cycle, is the simultaneous production of heat (usually in the form of hot water and/or steam) and power, utilizing one primary fuel. 

Cogeneration technology is not the latest industry buzz-word being touted as the solution to our nation’s energy woes.  Cogeneration is a proven technology that has been around for over 100 years. 

Our nation’s first commercial power plant was also a cogeneration plant known as the Pearl Street Station that was designed and built by Thomas Edison in 1882 in New York City.

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The Renewable Energy Institute Supports:

American Energy Plan  *  Battery Energy Storage  *  Bulk Energy Storage  *  B100 Biodiesel  *  Biomass Gasification 

Biomethane  *  Carbon Free Energy  *  Clean Power Generation  *  Cogeneration  *  Compressed Air Energy Storage 

Decentralized Energy  *  Demand Side Management  *  Dispersed Generation  *  Distributed PV 

EcoGeneration  *  Emissions Abatement  *  Flywheel Energy Storage  *  Frequency Regulation  *  Gas to Power 

Grid Free Energy  *  Grid Free Power  *  Natural Gas Storage  *  Net Zero Energy  *  Net Zero Energy Buildings 

Net Zero Energy Home  *  Organic Rankine Cycle  *  Plasma Gasification  *  Plug In Electric Vehicles  *  Rooftop PV 

Solar Cogeneration  *  Solar Trigeneration  *  Synthesis Gas  *  Trigeneration  *  Unified Smart Grid  *  Waste Heat Recovery

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What is Battery Energy Storage?

Battery Energy Storage, and Battery Energy Storage systems, use stored electrical power in batteries, and feed this energy to the electric grid (building, or facility) at times when it makes economic sense. For a "Net Zero Energy" building or facility, a Solar Cogeneration, or Solar Trigeneration energy system is used that stores excess solar power in the Battery Energy Storage system during the daytime, for use when the sun goes down, and during inclement weather.

Battery Energy Storage is an ideal solution for utility-scale wind farms, particularly in Texas, when most of the renewable energy is generated at night when the power isn't needed.

Battery Energy Storage is also an ideal demand side management or load leveling solution.

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Flywheel Energy Storage Project Overview

This project demonstrates a flywheel energy storage system designed to respond to a regional transmission operator signal to quickly add or subtract power from the grid in a frequency regulation support mode. Using this concept, the flywheel recycles energy (store energy when generation exceeds loads; discharge energy when load exceeds generation) instead of trying to constantly adjust generator output.

The Purpose of the Flywheel Energy Storage Project

This project is being sponsored to determine the relative benefits of having faster responding generation resources. Additionally, understanding the response time of a flywheel storage system as compared to traditional generator response time will provide a better determination of the required sizing for flywheel and other fast response systems.

When aggregated to reach appropriate output/input levels there are many benefits that a flywheel energy storage can offer to the electric grid. The primary benefits are:

• Increased Available energy: Because present day generators need to be operated below their maximum capability to provide regulation, they are not available to provide their maximum power. Typically generators need to be below their maximum capacity by 2 times the amount of regulation in order to provide headroom for safe operation. If all regulation were accomplished by flywheel energy storage system, then there would be an additional 2-4 % generation capacity without adding new generators.
  

• Support Distributed Generation and Decentralized Energy with Local Voltage Support: Several Projects have already shown the benefits of using flywheels for local voltage support. This includes a project on the NY City transit system, where ten 1.6 KWh flywheels provide support between train stations. As flywheel energy storage use increases, as will be demonstrated by this project, the feasibility of larger scale application of flywheel energy storage system for local voltage support will be more practical.

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Diagram from the Dept of Energy

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How Flywheel Energy Storage is Being Applied

The flywheel energy storage system consists of an array of flywheel energy storage modules and power conversion electronics packaged in a standard 12’ x 40’ shipping container. This mobile container would interface with the grid’s three-phase 480-volt cables via a step up transformer. This matrix is capable of storing and recycling 250 kWh’s of energy. The rated discharge rate of a matrix is 1 MW therefore each container will provide rated power for 15 minutes or lower power for an extended period.

Monitoring and data acquisition has been specified such that system availability and power/energy parameters will be accessible via the website. Any time the system is operated, the kilowatts supplied or absorbed by the storage unit and the total system efficiency will be viewable via graphical display by day, week, month, etc.

While performing the Frequency Regulation, the flywheel energy storage system will receive two input signals from the System Operator.

1. Regulation Signal (RS): This will be the amount of regulation to be provided over the next time step. This value will be between (-)100KW and (+) 100KW. Minus refers to absorbing 100kW of power from the Grid. Plus refers to injecting 100 kW of power to the grid. The regulation signal refers to the amount of power being absorbed or injected relative to a base set point as described by signal 2. The amount of power being injected or absorbed will be as measured downstream of the flywheel energy storage system and upstream of the step up transformer. This regulation signal will be updated every 4 seconds.
   

2. Set Point (SP): This will be the nominal level of power being removed from the grid during the time on regulation. It will be a percentage of the full regulation signal and will be a variable during the demonstration phase of testing. This setting will remain constant over an agreed to time period – usually one to 24 hours. In addition to the set point and regulation signal the master controller will have input from the flywheel controller to know how much energy is in each flywheel. The system controller will then send a signal to the flywheel controllers, and load bank to control the power flow within and to and from the flywheel energy storage system based on these inputs.

The system will be installed and demonstrated at a location in San Ramon, California. It will be run for a period of six months to demonstrate its ability to interface with the ISO signals and grid. Data will be independently collected through funding provided by the U.S. DOE and used to estimate the system performance over time.

The flywheel energy storage system will follow the regulation signal within a fraction of a percent. Unlike generation based frequency regulation, no fuel is consumed, and no emissions are generated. Analysis of presently used frequency regulation signals indicates that an energy storage module, which can store or deliver 1 MW for 15 minutes, would provide regulation services superior to services currently provided by generators. After development testing is completed the flywheel energy storage system and will be commissioned and put on automatic control.

Some of the following information from the Department of Energy with permission and our thanks: www.DOE.gov

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How we make and distribute electricity is changing!

The electric power generation, transmission and distribution system (the electric "grid") is changing and evolving from the electric grid of the 19th and 20th centuries, which was inefficient, highly-polluting, very expensive and “dumb.”

The "old" way of generating and distributing energy resembles this slide:

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Hubbert's Peak Oil Predictions Now Proving True?

Marion King Hubbert was a geologist and scientist who worked at Shell Oil company's research lab in Houston, Texas. Hubbert made several important contributions to geology, geophysics and petroleum geology. Hubbert is most recognized for the "Hubbert Curve" and " Hubbert Peak Theory" which is now referred to as " Peak Oil.

Hubbert's life work determined that the world has a finite amount of petroleum that can be produced. (Similarly, there is a finite amount of coal.) Many scientists and engineers believe we have reached Hubbert's "peak oil" limit. Hubbert's espouses that when 50% of domestic crude oil production has been reached, that there will be such significant upward demand on prices of the limited supplies of oil production, that the U.S. economy will experience severe economic, social, and political turmoil.

Hubbert's Peak Oil predictions have proven to be true and this is validated as the U.S. in the early 1970's produced about 60% of its' oil demand and imported 40%. That equation has flipped since then, because our domestic oil production has been on the decline since 1970, so now, due to our declining domestic oil production, we have to import 60% of our oil supplies, to meet our country's oil/energy demands.

The Next Oil Shock Could be the "mother" of All Oil Shocks

How severe our economic calamity and next "oil shock" will depend upon a number of factors, including when this occurs, as well as the following:

1. the dependence of the individual country upon its own crude oil production to meet its energy needs and to subsidize consumer imports;

2. the rate of relative decline in crude oil production;

3. the degree of difficulty encountered in replacing missing energy inputs;

4. the degree to which our country had prepared in advance for this inevitable geological and economic calamity.

Examples of past "oil shocks" and the economic and political calamities that followed:

United States: Our peak crude oil production of domestic oil occurred in 1970; the first "oil shock" and oil crisis followed in 1973 with the Arab/OPEC Oil Embargo.

Iran: Their peak crude oil production occurred in 1974; They had their islamic revolution 1979 that overturned government and replaced it with radical islam.

Soviet Union: Their peak crude oil production was in 1989; what happened next?
Their country disintegrated and the collapse of the Soviet Union followed in 1991.

Indonesia: Their peak crude oil production was in 1991; their financial and government crisis followed in 1997.

Iraq: Iraq's crude oil production was in 1989; they then invaded Kuwait (for their oil) in 1991.

Using Mr. Hubbert's predictions, that beginning around 2000 we would see peak (global) oil production, then, if the country's not weaning themselves off of their oil addiction, and had not begun making the switch to renewable energy, that the negative economic and political calamities would soon follow, including ever-increasing prices of energy that is from fossil fuels.

Now is the time to begin weaning ourselves off of fossil fuels and making the transition to and increasing the use of renewable energy. If you don't believe in climate change, or global warming, GREAT! Join us in the switch to renewable energy and a fossil-free economy!

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America's Clear and Present Danger

America Has INCREASED its' Dependence on Foreign
Sources of Energy by 50% Since 1973.

America is even more "addicted" to foreign oil today, than we were in 1973 - 1974 when OPEC, Saudi Arabia and other suppliers from the Middle-East stopped selling us their fossil fuels, and created a significant blow to our economy.

According to Monty Goodell, Founder and Chairman of the Renewable Energy Institute, "our increased dependence and reliance on foreign energy supplies represents a Clear and Present Danger to our national security, our economy, and the lives and livelihood of every American. Energy - including the energy we use from imported fossil fuels, is the very "lifeblood" of the American economy as it is for every industrialized country. An economy dies without it's lifeblood of energy. This Clear and Present Danger we face is far more serious than the problems related to greenhouse gas emissions. And while greenhouse gas emissions are very serious issue, in the long-term, pales in comparison to America's vital national security interests and America's economic stability in the short term. For this reason alone, America needs to transition away from its addiction to foreign energy supplies. And America's abundant renewable energy resources such as the energy we receive from the sun, and renewable energy technologies such as concentrated solar power (CSP) plants - can supply 100% of America's power requirements with a concentrating solar power plant measuring 75 miles by 75 miles, located in the Southwest U.S. By generating America's power from concentrating solar power plants, America resolves its' short-term Clear and Present Danger as it relates to importing its energy from foreign countries, and the long-term problems relating to greenhouse gas emissions."

Continuing, Mr. Goodell states that "too many Americans have forgotten what happened to us in 1973, when the Arabs and OPEC brought the United States economy to a screeching halt during the OPEC Oil Embargo. This happened because they (mainly the country of Saudi Arabia) disagreed with our foreign policy and is the reason why they "turned off the tap" of our need for their oil supplies. When Saudi Arabia and OPEC stopped the vital flow of oil to our country in 1973, they caused an "oil shock" that severely and negatively impacted our economy.

Mr. Goodell's question for us to ponder is, "do these countries who sell us 60% of our daily energy requirements, like us and our foreign policy, or might they leverage our addiction to their fossil fuels, and turn off the tap to make us adjust or revise our foreign policy?? Like any addict, America's foreign policy may be held hostage to its addiction, and in this case, our addiction to foreign oil, may over-ride our national interests."

Have American's forgotten the gas shortages and long lines at
their gas stations to get gas during the Arab Oil Embargo of 1973?

"Apparently so." Mr. Goodell states that "in 1973, America was 'addicted' and 'over the barrel' of foreign oil to the amount of 40%. Forty percent of our energy 'needs' in 1973 came from countries - many of which didn't like us then, and I'm afraid, many of them still don't. The difference between 1973 and today - is that today we receive 50% MORE foreign oil now than we did in 1973. And now we know about the problems relating to greenhouse gas emissions that we didn't know then. America needs to change course, and change course now, in terms of its' energy supplies and how we keep America's economy strong, without the threat of being held hostage to a middle-east tyrant or regime, that could once again, turn on us, and turn off our supply of foreign oil."

Remember ????

"Sadly, most Americans have forgotten the long lines of people waiting in their cars - lined up and waiting for gasoline at their nearby gas station, with lines that were many blocks long. And, after waiting 4-5 hours, many even waiting overnight in many places, to finally take their turn to fill up their car with gasoline, only to find that the gas station had run out of gas."

"Let me Repeat.... That was 1973 when we imported 40% of our daily energy requirements in the form of crude oil from overseas, and from foreign countries - and many of these from countries that don't like us.

Today, over 35 years later, America has yet to learn the lesson. We cannot continue our reliance on energy from foreign countries that supply us with 60% of the crude oil that our refineries use as a feedstock for producing gasoline and diesel fuel for our cars and trucks comes from overseas.

America is "over the barrel" and it's not our barrel, but the barrels of oil that we are addicted by and owned by other countries. Why have we not learned the lessons we needed to learn in 1973 when we were cut-off from the vital energy supplies we need?

Countries like China, are growing rapidly, and have an insatiable need for crude oil. China, with their booming economy, is increasingly growing in its clout and control over international supplies of crude oil - whether they do this through their ability to buy as much oil as they need on a daily basis, or whether they simply but American drilling rigs, technology, and explore and produce oil and gas from their own fields. China, is buying large amounts of oil for their country, and causing upward pricing on declining supplies. What happens if Russia, with all of their oil and natural gas, along with China and Venezuela, with or without the help of OPEC, decided to NOT sell oil to us????

To be sure, greenhouse gas emissions are a problem, and to some, greenhouse gas emissions are also a Clear and Present Danger, but not to the extent that it presents an imminent Clear and Present Danger.

America's reliance for 60% of our energy "needs" coming from foreign suppliers is un-acceptable.

The "driver" to get America to begin reducing and eliminating fossil fuel use should be our nation's national security and the welfare and safety of its citizens. And this can all begin with developing and investing in our own renewable energy resources and renewable energy technologies, let's start by putting solar on every rooftop that has a clear and unobstructed view of the Southern sky. See www.RooftopPV.com or www.DistributedPV.com for more information. Let's create incentives begin with adopting a national "Feed In Tariff" as Germany did in 1990.

America, we simply do NOT have the luxury of time on our hands. We need to end our dependence and reliance on foreign fossil fuels, especially from countries that don't like us! We need to rapidly begin expanding renewable energy resources and renewable energy technologies from our vast and abundant renewable energy resources, such as; solar, solar energy systems, solar cogeneration, solar trigeneration, "solar on every roof," waste to energy, waste to fuel, biomass gasification, B100 Biodiesel, Biomethane, Synthesis Gas, geothermal, E100 Ethanol (from sugar cane and NOT from corn), and wind, where it makes economic sense."

For more information, call/email:

Wind Power Generation
www.WindPowerGeneration.com

Zero Emission Energy
www.ZeroEmissionEnergy.com

Zero Emission Power
www.ZeroEmissionPower.com

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We support the Renewable Energy Institute by donating a portion of our profits to the Renewable Energy Institute in their efforts to reduce fossil fuel use through renewable energy and their goals to end fossil fuel pollution by reducing/eliminating Carbon Emissions, Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Greenhouse Gas Emissions.

The Renewable Energy Institute is "Changing The Way The World Makes and Uses Energy by Providing Research & Development, Funding and Resources That Creates Sustainable Energy via 'Carbon Free Energy,' 'Clean Power Generation' and 'Pollution Free Power' Through Expanding the use of Renewable Energy Technologies."